tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75418045525723788792024-03-13T21:20:43.978-07:00FORREST NGOFORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-30865912652989435332019-04-08T23:16:00.000-07:002019-04-08T23:55:34.013-07:00Bhamburda Forest Garden<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pune city is blessed with numerous hills.
These hills have tropical wet and dry climate. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hills of Pune are green islands with
urbanization all around them. Bhamburda is one of the highest hill range in the
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Bhamburda
Forest Garden is developed under Joint Forest Management Projects of Pune Municipal Corporation and F</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">orest Department. It is developed under Central Government's Urban Green Mission Programme.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Total area of Bhamburda forest garden is
62 acres. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bhamburda forest
garden was developed to restore and enrich the greenery of Bhamburda hill by
means of conservation measures and providing protection from illegal
encroachment of the hill. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bhamburda hill attracts daily walkers and
bird watchers throughout the year. The walk way or a small trail has been
developed for the visitors. An open exhibit with models of environmental
components has been developed along the trail. This exhibit has models of leopard,
ant hill, beehive, tree stump showing growth rings, etc. to create
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Green areas in urban landscape provide
shelter for urban biodiversity & provide other ecological services such as
soil conservation, water recharging, pollination services etc. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Conservation of such areas is of utmost
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FORREST
conducted ecological assessment to generate biodiversity baseline data for
Bhamburda Forest garden. Seasonal surveys were performed to gather data for
biodiversity richness and role of community participation in the conservation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Total 51
acres, of the Bhamburda range, was studied in the project</span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.
</span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Inventories
of mammals, birds, butterflies, insects, amphibians, reptiles were
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Flora
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lower part of
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serrata</span></i><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">,<i> Cassia siamea, Azadirachta indica </i>and<i> Morinda
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Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Green areas </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">play a vital
role in the urban spaces by acting as green lungs & </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">supporting
biodiversity that depends on these habitats for their survival. Conservation of
these green pockets helps in sustaining urban biodiversity and mitigate
pollution. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Visitors act as vigilant here in
Bhamburda. They not only keep watch on area but actively participate in
conservation of plants. They help fill water tanks and earthen water pots kept
in the forest area for wildlife. Visitors also water planted saplings
regularly. </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rbDvY-sMUz4/XKw1d6YUnfI/AAAAAAAAAUo/Yl8IppWa2lwwAtyo5zGOLb8xrLtnQf1xwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Slide3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="960" height="264" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rbDvY-sMUz4/XKw1d6YUnfI/AAAAAAAAAUo/Yl8IppWa2lwwAtyo5zGOLb8xrLtnQf1xwCEwYBhgL/s640/Slide3.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-20211274931267128262019-02-05T02:35:00.000-08:002019-02-05T02:35:38.999-08:00Urban Forestry with Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Under AMRUT scheme Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation decided to develop four Forest gardens at Shahunagar, Laxmi nagar
and Punawale with total 7200 forest trees, in collaboration with FORREST.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation (AMRUT) is a flagship scheme of Central Government, which</span><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> aims to provide cities with amenities including
water supply, sanitation, open spaces and a pollution-free environment.</span><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These PCMC garden were out of ordinary, as these
aims to create “urban forest”. </span><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Forests
differ from plantation in density and diversity of species. The planting of
trees five feet apart, never become forest and cannot provide benefits of
forest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: MR; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">For creating the urban
native forest we selected total 100 species. For<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_GoBack"></a> each site
at least 50 species were selected and planted </span><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: MR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">densely that match our
natural forest systems. </span><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: MR; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Native trees like Umbar ( <i>Ficus recemosa</i>), Bahava (<i>Cassia fistula</i>),
Kadulimb (<i>Azadirachta india</i>),
Bakul (<i>Mimusops elengi</i>), Taman (<span class="st"><i>Lagerstroemia indica</i>)
etc. were selected. Selected trees are medicinally important trees which will
create a healing microclimatic conditions in the vicinity. </span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0T0wh9gJReI/XFlly9BW2RI/AAAAAAAAASs/jrsVadEBfr8JH1JMX71u00jjNK0G31nCgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Site1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="459" data-original-width="959" height="306" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0T0wh9gJReI/XFlly9BW2RI/AAAAAAAAASs/jrsVadEBfr8JH1JMX71u00jjNK0G31nCgCEwYBhgL/s640/Site1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-B9iqwDjNO4M/XFllzESSwVI/AAAAAAAAASo/t80sR0oDS8AVnnx74wXtBk03rH291FfZACEwYBhgL/s1600/Site2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="959" height="290" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-B9iqwDjNO4M/XFllzESSwVI/AAAAAAAAASo/t80sR0oDS8AVnnx74wXtBk03rH291FfZACEwYBhgL/s640/Site2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5zVwZGgQwYY/XFllzR1cVRI/AAAAAAAAAS0/5hOp3fCvo1sAAM1yQpFWr-mm2rmSD5YXgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Site3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="424" data-original-width="959" height="282" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5zVwZGgQwYY/XFllzR1cVRI/AAAAAAAAAS0/5hOp3fCvo1sAAM1yQpFWr-mm2rmSD5YXgCEwYBhgL/s640/Site3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IGZuc9uQcXQ/XFllzpiWRAI/AAAAAAAAASw/xV8O12MHeXYatq6XNGX-nAyXJRS5V-zSgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Site4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="959" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IGZuc9uQcXQ/XFllzpiWRAI/AAAAAAAAASw/xV8O12MHeXYatq6XNGX-nAyXJRS5V-zSgCEwYBhgL/s640/Site4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: MR; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span class="st"><br /></span></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: AdvPTimes;">From the day they are planted, the various
species and individual trees are undergoing a process of natural selection
through competition, resulting in the creation of a diversified natural forest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trees in the garden are already attracting
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ppbh45x4nnw/XFllx8AdjsI/AAAAAAAAAS0/1F3o1RAE_i8ZcN2r5ZEPEtsrGLrLWwSGwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Recovering%2BBD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="778" height="446" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ppbh45x4nnw/XFllx8AdjsI/AAAAAAAAAS0/1F3o1RAE_i8ZcN2r5ZEPEtsrGLrLWwSGwCEwYBhgL/s640/Recovering%2BBD.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Thanks to PCMC officials and our elective representatives this crucial
change is happening in PCMC.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cczOmO_vHUA/XFllx0m1HaI/AAAAAAAAASw/8J2mUwbOiF46qtCTZ3zJjQYV-2bPT7_LQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Community%2Binv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="957" height="258" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cczOmO_vHUA/XFllx0m1HaI/AAAAAAAAASw/8J2mUwbOiF46qtCTZ3zJjQYV-2bPT7_LQCEwYBhgL/s640/Community%2Binv.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: MR; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span class="st"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: MR; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span class="st"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">This project is not only about beautifying our city
but and giving benefits to community at large of their health, quality of life,
and well-being – locally and globally.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JZgO0MaDjYQ/XFllyE5o3mI/AAAAAAAAASs/dhzOjKooju0Xfs55PR3QgSX9bOTyFOWXQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Maintenance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="953" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JZgO0MaDjYQ/XFllyE5o3mI/AAAAAAAAASs/dhzOjKooju0Xfs55PR3QgSX9bOTyFOWXQCEwYBhgL/s640/Maintenance.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-65129125274110235432018-12-20T04:37:00.000-08:002018-12-20T04:37:45.167-08:00Aditi Learning Centre: A model for “Private Protected Area” <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Today when rapid
urbanization, habitat fragmentation, habitat destruction and change in land use
are challenging ecosystem integrity and conservation, areas which are still
green, support biodiversity and provide various ecological services become crucial.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Biological
diversity is a global asset with colossal value. It has been declared as a
legally binding treaty- t</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">he
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
with</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> three main goals as –Conservation
of biodiversity; Sustainable use of biodiversity; and Fair and equitable
sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Aditi Learning Centre
is one such Private Protected Area,</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> which support biological diversity & provide ecosystem services,
amid the more & more concretized setting.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">It is located in
Kusgaon village, in Kamshet, </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">48 km from</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pune city</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif;">.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Since 2009, Aditi
Learning Center (ALC) is working on grass root level for supporting the
intellectual, emotional and social growth of young women who desire to complete
their education. Modules such as understanding sexuality, human migrations,
origins of the earth & waste management help make the connections between
the pockets of knowledge from their text books and real-life experiences.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Interactions with
guest speakers is a regular part of learning, which create appreciation for
people who have stepped out of boundaries and raise questions through their
work and life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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also being practiced at ALC where vegetables are grown for student’s meal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Apart from this brilliant
work, Aditi learning center area is also a model for “<b>Private Protected Area” (PPA).</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FORREST conducted Ecological Research at Aditi
Learning Centre from January 2016 to Jan 2018 focusing on biodiversity,
ecosystem services and factors affecting these. Season wise surveys were
conducted throughout the period.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">This was the baseline
study to assess the ecology of these 11 acres of land. The baseline study
outcomes are flora and fauna inventory, ecologically important features of the
area, ecologically important flora and fauna species, ecological interventions
and conservation management plan for the area.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #984806; font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Unusual Species richness,
for 11 acres of area !<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Mammals-8 Birds-88 Butterflies-54 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Dragonflies-
20 Reptiles-11 Other insects-59 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Frogs-3 Crabs-3 Spiders-10 Flora- 212<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Maiandra GD, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Assessment
outcome shows that Aditi Learning </b></span><b>Center</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b> has 468 species in total.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">212 flora
species in which one is endemic and 256 fauna species with two endemic
species. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The fauna species diversity is dominated by
birds, followed by insects.</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_f1ULFtuOCU/XBuBLTITSpI/AAAAAAAAAPo/0Usfyy9q1gQWThkqsvaVBnoEBQO-fXzfQCEwYBhgL/s1600/ALC.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_f1ULFtuOCU/XBuBLTITSpI/AAAAAAAAAPo/0Usfyy9q1gQWThkqsvaVBnoEBQO-fXzfQCEwYBhgL/s200/ALC.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #984806; font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">How It was achieved!</span></b><br />
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Undisturbed area, habitat heterogeneity (diversity), connectivity and protection are major factors contributing towards conservation of species.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iKUFxUk4wPo/XBuAszb972I/AAAAAAAAAPc/Eeazl4T8XDsrbAb-T3Dmc_QTBP5Jt5_xwCEwYBhgL/s1600/ALC%2Bin%2BJuly%2Bresized.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="150" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iKUFxUk4wPo/XBuAszb972I/AAAAAAAAAPc/Eeazl4T8XDsrbAb-T3Dmc_QTBP5Jt5_xwCEwYBhgL/s200/ALC%2Bin%2BJuly%2Bresized.JPG" width="200" /></a><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Presence of perennial & seasonal water bodies, natural vegetation- grassland, shrubs, trees, thickets and logs, rocks, boulders, loose soil, leaf litter, mulch provide prefect habitat to multitude of species.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">No use of chemicals in the area is another significant factor which leads to such unusual species richness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">As the project area is protected it minimizes threats to habitat. Also, this land is connected to hills and part of undisturbed rural landscape which adds to the diversity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M6Xkq2knBVQ/XBuBnZZ3M5I/AAAAAAAAAQM/OHQ6SJgj9NsbyKZ1F2WxVvHjjYNAkZ1JwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Micro%2Bhabitat%2Brezd.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="448" height="150" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M6Xkq2knBVQ/XBuBnZZ3M5I/AAAAAAAAAQM/OHQ6SJgj9NsbyKZ1F2WxVvHjjYNAkZ1JwCEwYBhgL/s200/Micro%2Bhabitat%2Brezd.JPG" width="200" /></a><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Another crucial conservation initiative is growing forest at ALC, with “Miyawaki forest growing technique. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In Miyawaki as the tree species are selected from natural forests, the original ecosystem is getting quickly restored</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> These forest patches are attracting many birds, insects and mammals already, in just 2 years of inception.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9UItAYMP5bI/XBuIYiLLDuI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/yYNbNIEUrkw137DOZnfBIFAF9g-_oK68gCLcBGAs/s1600/Water%2BHole%2Bresized.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9UItAYMP5bI/XBuIYiLLDuI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/yYNbNIEUrkw137DOZnfBIFAF9g-_oK68gCLcBGAs/s320/Water%2BHole%2Bresized.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Waterhole For Wildlife</b></td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h9TXmzrhuNs/XBuB-l4aqPI/AAAAAAAAAQs/8Q8JN8sWIVgS3vzsY4Hx0yzqKTQ4HBx9QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Miyawaki%2BApril%2B2018%2B%25284%2529%2B%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h9TXmzrhuNs/XBuB-l4aqPI/AAAAAAAAAQs/8Q8JN8sWIVgS3vzsY4Hx0yzqKTQ4HBx9QCEwYBhgL/s320/Miyawaki%2BApril%2B2018%2B%25284%2529%2B%25281%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Miyawaki Forest</b></td></tr>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7z_MrgIVxuo/XBuB0gIDhhI/AAAAAAAAAQo/q-8C80nmUGINfPKlFN1RMgF4WcVWz5TvgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Thickets%2B%25281%2529%2Bresized.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Biodiversity
indicates the health of the ecosystem. Thus, the ecological study directly suggests
that Aditi Learning Center campus area along with it's peripheral area has a
very healthy ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Even though
people play central role both in biodiversity conservation & get benefited
by ecosystem services, both biodiversity & ecosystem services have
intrinsic value—value of something in and for itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Thus, such
areas which are kept in their natural state support high biodiversity & has
high conservation value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ALC is a model for private areas/lands/farms
which can play important role in ecological sustainability and play a larger
role in conservation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Conservation of such
green pockets have been proved to be a major contributor in conserving
biodiversity & bring positive changes in ecology of the specific area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-82189594401066723542018-09-07T03:59:00.000-07:002018-09-07T03:59:42.152-07:00Butterflies flutterbies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butterflies
are one of the most beautiful and charismatic insects around us.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_GoBack"></a>They
belong to order Lepidoptera. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Butterflies often have brightly coloured wings with unique
patterns made up of tiny scales. Butterflies have taste receptors on their
feet. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They are one of the most studied group
of insects too. Still a lot remains to be explored about them, like life cycle
of particular species, their feeding habits at different stages etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A butterfly’s lifecycle is made up of
four parts, egg, larva, pupa and adult. Butterflies can live in the adult stage
from anywhere between a week and a year, depending on the species.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D__e1a1q5WU/W5JTp5EpVwI/AAAAAAAAAOk/BnTenUzVyAol2j644KmcbGe-v_ziG5nHACLcBGAs/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1486" height="307" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D__e1a1q5WU/W5JTp5EpVwI/AAAAAAAAAOk/BnTenUzVyAol2j644KmcbGe-v_ziG5nHACLcBGAs/s400/Picture1.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">At larval stage butterflies feed on
tender leaves, buds, flowers, fruits etc. Different species feed on different
plant parts and variety of plants. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At adult stage
butterflies feed on nectar, minerals from damp patches or mud(called as
mudpuddling), tree sap or pod sap, animal scat or dead animals. But nectar is
an important food source of butterflies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YzpUusHKBAg/W5JTquk--MI/AAAAAAAAAOs/7ZbBG4por-EVw0OgCZyfwloyIdbi7nHBgCLcBGAs/s1600/Picture2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1142" data-original-width="1468" height="310" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YzpUusHKBAg/W5JTquk--MI/AAAAAAAAAOs/7ZbBG4por-EVw0OgCZyfwloyIdbi7nHBgCLcBGAs/s400/Picture2.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many butterflies have developed
interesting ways of defending themselves from predators. One method is camouflage,
or “cryptic coloration”, where the butterfly has the ability to look like a
leaf or blend into the bark of a tree to hide from predators. Some
butterflies have tail like antenna and eye spots like eyes by which predator
gets confused easily. Another method is
chemical defense, where the butterfly has evolved to have toxic chemicals in
its body, they are also called as milkweed butterflies. These species of
butterfly are often brightly coloured, and predators have learned over time to
associate their bright colour with the bad taste of the chemicals. The greatest
threats to butterflies </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">are </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">habitat </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">loss due to residential,
commercial and agricultural development also use of pesticides and de-weeding. </span><span lang="EN-IN"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Climate change</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> is also threatening species
of butterflies. </span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gWUbAhcxtfI/W5JTqEmaCRI/AAAAAAAAAOo/DyTbvnkFussMmmP68Csrz_qA-1reZYMFgCLcBGAs/s1600/Picture3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1090" data-original-width="1502" height="290" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gWUbAhcxtfI/W5JTqEmaCRI/AAAAAAAAAOo/DyTbvnkFussMmmP68Csrz_qA-1reZYMFgCLcBGAs/s400/Picture3.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For butterflies conservation,
we can maintain home gardens or community parks with larval and nectar food
plants for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In addition
to this awareness should be created regarding Organic gardening methods or
minimal pesticides and fertilizers usage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In city
areas, hills,open grasslands and scrub areas act as lungs of the city. These
areas harbor and support urban biodiversity by offering food and suitable
habitat to butterflies, to other insects and birds etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Maiandra GD","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Conserving
these hills and open areas will help in long term conservation of butterflies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-74564793280732743542017-09-12T00:39:00.000-07:002017-09-12T00:39:55.462-07:00Birds in Our Neighbourhood <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Birds bring an image of freedom in our minds. These colourful, chirping creatures occupy & adapt to almost every habitat. Birds are important part of ecosystem & food chain. They provide various ecosystem services like nutrient cycling, dispersion of seeds, as bio control agents, as scavengers in many ecosystems etc. With increasing urbanization, worsening pollution & decreasing green cover birds are one the most affected species. Their habitats are disturbed and degraded with which their population is declining, their nesting habits are changing and in this process, birds which cannot adapt fast to the changing environment are disappearing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Some of the birds which are adapted to the hustle bustle & patterns of the city lives can be observed in our gardens, roadside trees and remaining open areas. Let’s get acquainted with the ecology of some of these birds which are present in our cities and in our neighbourhoods. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Glossary which you will need to understand birds has been provided in the end.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">First common bird which comes in our mind is <b>House crow (<i>Corvus splendens</i>)</b>. They inhabit any area where humans live and reach highest numbers in dense human settlements where there is plentiful access to garbage, crops and livestock. House crow feeds on refuse around human habitations, carrion, small reptiles, eggs, nestlings, grain and fruits. It is an omnivorous scavenger which helps in cleaning the environment. Crows are absent where humans are few or absent, for example, deserts and dense forests. House Crows are intelligent and resourceful birds & exhibit play behaviour too. Crow has great invasive potential.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One of the most common species of Bulbul which is found all across India and in our cities is Red-vented <b>Bulbul (<i>Pycnonotus cafer</i>)</b>. This medium sized bird has a short crest, black head, greyish black body and scarlet red vent (back of the tail). Bulbul is found in dry scrub, open forest, plains and cultivated lands. Now it is adapted to urban areas & nesting is observed in homes & gardens. Red-vented bulbul feeds on fruits, petals of flowers, nectar, insects and occasionally geckos.This is a rather dominating bird.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One of the birds which have been part of our culture & literature. The <b>Asian koel</b> <b>(<i>Eudynamys scolopaceus</i>)</b>.The preferred habitat of Koel is light forests, cultivation & thick scrub. Koel feeds on insects & fruits.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One of the interesting facts about Koel is that it is a brood parasite which means It lays its egg in other bird’s nests. Koel lays egg mostly in the nests of crows. These other birds raise Koel’s young’s as their own.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-IN">You must have seen this
upright black n white bird chirping around in gardens. This is <b>Oriental Magpie Robin</b> <b>(<i>Copsychus
saularis</i></b></span><i><span lang="EN-IN"><b>)</b>.</span></i><span lang="EN-IN">The male has black upperparts,
head and throat & a white shoulder patch, with white underparts and long
white sides of the tail. Females are greyish black above and greyish white
below. They are common birds in urban gardens as well as forests. They are
known for their melodious song. Try to listen to its call sometime.</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It
is mainly insectivorous bird, but known to occasionally take flower nectar too.</span><span style="font-family: Maiandra GD, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-IN">Sunbirds are most
common garden birds.</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span><span lang="EN-IN">The <b>Purple Sunbird (<i>Cinnyris
asiaticus</i>)</b> is a small sunbird & like other sunbirds they feed mainly on
nectar & sometimes eat insects. You can identify this bird with its very
small size (hardly 10 cm) and curved bill. This down curved bill helps the bird
to reach to nectar easily.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The male is glossy
metallic bluish to purplish & females are olive above and yellowish below.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-IN">One
small common garden bird is <span class="st">Indian <b>Tailorbird <i>(</i></b></span><i><b>Orthotomus
sutorius</b></i><i><b>)</b>.</i></span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span><span lang="EN-IN">It
is a brightly coloured bird, with long upright tail, green upper body , creamy
underparts and rust coloured forehead. This small bird is typically found in
open farmland, scrub, forest edges and gardens. Tailorbirds get their name from
the way their nest is constructed, which is made of leaves "sewn” together.
Tailorbirds are insectivorous.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-IN">House
Sparrow</span></b><span lang="EN-IN"><b>
(<i>Passer domesticus</i>)</b> which was a very common bird once in villages and
cities is now has become a rare sight. It is so well adapted to living around
humans that it frequently lives and even breeds indoors. It feeds mostly on the
seeds of grains and weeds, but it is an opportunistic eater and commonly eats
insects.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This small bird’s population is been declining
due to various reasons , major found to be shortage of nesting sites caused by
changes in urban building design and insufficient supply of insect food for
nestling sparrows.</span><span style="font-family: Maiandra GD, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Birds are indicator of
our environment health as they are highly visible species. You can help in bird
conservation by gaining knowledge about their habitat and their requirements.
Maintaining green patches, gardens are very important to provide habitat and
food for birds. Not using chemicals in gardens i.e maintaining organic gardens
help in conservation as it would make garden insects available as food for
birds.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The value we gain from
birds deserves serious investigation into causes of decline and provides
additional rationale for the study and conservation of these unique animals.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Glossary<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-IN">Ecology-</span></b><span lang="EN-IN">Relationship &
interactions of the organisms with each
other & with their environment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-IN">Crest</span></b><span lang="EN-IN">- Soft feathers common along the head,
neck, and upper back of the birds.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-IN">Territorial behaviour</span></b><span lang="EN-IN">- Animals defend territory
or area where they live in by fighting or displaying dominating behaviour.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-IN">Brood parasites</span></b><span lang="EN-IN"> -are organisms that
rely on other species to raise their young.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-IN">Invasive
Potential-</span></b><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></span><span class="tgc"><span lang="EN-IN">Species</span></span><span class="tgc"><span lang="EN-IN"> which has a tendency
to spread ,which can cause damage to the environment, human economy or human
health.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Start Observing birds
which you can see in your neighbourhood. You can listen to their call & can
observe what they eat. Make note of observation.</span></span><span style="font-family: Maiandra GD, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-65879746877832642562017-05-31T03:28:00.000-07:002017-09-04T03:02:34.359-07:00Let them be in the Wild<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Wild animals
proliferate & live freely in the wild. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Raising a wild
animal as a pet is a tempting and exciting idea but it is not only denying
animal of its natural habitat but it’s against law also.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Due to lack of
awareness about wildlife conservation laws and conservation status of animals,
wild animals are sometimes kept as pets. Parakeets, Turtles, Snakes, Monkeys all
are scheduled animals which have been treated as pets since long.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Many
of us own or aspire to own species of fishes, birds and turtles that may be
caught from the wild and even illegally traded. By buying these, we become a
part of the growing trade in wildlife that is becoming a prime conservation
threat across the world today. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Few know that our
favourite and well-known ‘mithu’ is a protected species in India.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> For
centuries, parakeets have been kept as pets mainly because they are easy to
keep & their ability to mimic. This demand of seeking parakeets as pets has
led to an organized illegal trade in parakeets. Their chicks are captured brutally from the wild & sold as
pets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Let’s
understand the terms Parrot and Parakeet first.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Parrot
is a broad term for birds which includes Parakeets, Cockatiels, Lovebirds, Lorries,
Macaws, Amazons, and Cockatoos are some other groups. Parrots have strong and
curved bill, upright posture & zygodactyle feet means two digits directed
forward and two backward. They are known of their attractive colours & the ability
to mimic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Parakeets
are a type of parrots known for their long
tail feathers which distinguishes them from other parrots. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Parakeets are under schedule IV of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Despite the blanket ban since 1990-91 on trade
in all India bird species, hundreds of parakeets are collected and traded
annually in India. <br />
They are taken from the wild and smuggled to various parts of the country
and beyond. The bulk of the trade is in three to four week old chicks. <br />
Adult parakeets are traded throughout the year, with chicks are traded between
December and June. For every bird that reaches the market place, several are
believed to die en route.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Of
the 12 native species, eight which are regularly found being illegally trade are-Alexandrine
parakeet, Rose-ringed parakeet, Plum-headed parakeet, Red-breasted parakeet,
Malabar parakeet, Himalayan parakeet, Finsch’s Parakeet and Vernal Hanging-parrot.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Alexandrine
Parakeet is one of the most sought after species in the Indian live bird trade
and is traded in large volumes throughout the year. This is the parakeet most
of us have seen in cages, at homes.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
The chicks of this parakeet are collected
from forested areas and transported to bird markets in Indian cities & to
bird markets in various parts of the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Due to this, a very
common bird once in India, is now Near threatened, as per IUCN red list
category. (</span><span class="st"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">International Union for Conservation of
Nature </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">IUCN,
is a global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures
needed to safeguard it. IUCN red list is
the catalogue evaluating the conservation status of plant and
animal species of all over the world)
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Other three species
of Indian parakeets—Nicobar, Long-tailed &
Derby’s Parakeets are also considered by IUCN as Near Threatened with
extinction. Illegal trade of this bird is the biggest threat to its survival.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="text"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Trade in foreign birds is restricted by CITES -Convention
of International Trade in Endangered Species, to which India is a signatory
,assures full protection to all migratory species, making it illegal to trap,
capture, keep, kill or trade these birds.</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Despite the restriction on trade in
many countries however, the market still operates both legally and illegally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treaties & bans are not being
effective in preventing the illegal wildlife trade of parakeets and parrots. We
are more closely linked to the wildlife trafficking market than we think we
are. Only decreasing its demand as pet, will protect this bird from being
hunted. Mass awareness is the key to the conservation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #ff3300;"><u><b>Turtle as pet </b></u><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Turtles or tortoise are also treated as pets </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">due
to their low maintenance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tortoises</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> and
<b>turtles</b> are both reptiles with their both shielded by a shell. The major
difference between the two is that tortoises dwell on land, while turtles live
in the water some or nearly all of the time. Both are very shy animals.<span style="color: #ff3300;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Indian Wildlife Protection Act,
1972 lists all species of marine turtles in Schedule I of The Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972 thereby offering them the highest degree of protection. Sea
turtles and their habitats are also protected by other coastal laws</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asian giant soft shell turtle,
Eastern hill turtle,</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Indian soft shell turtle, Green sea turtle, Hawksbill
turtle, Indian soft shelled turtle, Indian tent turtle,</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Cochin forest cane turtle, Leather back turtle, Logger Head Turtle, Olive
Ridley sea turtle, Peacock soft shell turtle, Painted roofed turtle, Spotted
black terrapin are all protected under scheduled II & Indian star tortoise,
Travancore tortoise & Sal forest tortoise </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">are under schedule IV of The WPA, 1972.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Indian star tortoise, which is extremely
popular as a pet across the world, is relentlessly smuggled out from the
forests of India. Other species available for sale commonly like red-eared
slider, red-crowned roofed turtle would most likely be wild-caught and
illegally traded.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9RTTWdGAIjg/WS6UHYw5ZGI/AAAAAAAAAGg/n-Y6MUTuGZoCumAQEYKYM9oUat8MRlwCQCEw/s1600/Turtle%2Btrafaking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9RTTWdGAIjg/WS6UHYw5ZGI/AAAAAAAAAGg/n-Y6MUTuGZoCumAQEYKYM9oUat8MRlwCQCEw/s320/Turtle%2Btrafaking.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Turtles
kept at home will not survive in a small tub. They need the right lighting,
temperature and water .Countless pet turtles die from being kept in inadequate
conditions. Turtles shipped by mail and other delivery services often die on
the way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">People
sometimes turn turtles loose their pets, thinking they are "freeing"
them, but it's illegal to release them anywhere in the wild without knowing its
natural habitat or range. To release any animal in the wild, it’s very
important to know its ecology & its natural habitat. To release back any
wild animal, one should take help of authorized wild animals care centres or
experts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">India
is a signatory to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species) and the CMS (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of
Wild Animals). CITES regulates international trade on sea turtles and their products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
legal trade in other Asian countries appears to be undermining India’s efforts
to protect the Turtles & Tortoise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It
is important to note, wildlife laws and enforcement efforts stand little chance
of success unless consumer demand for protected wildlife is also addressed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If you would like to protect the earth and the
animals & help in conservation, do not seek wild animals as pet & create
awareness among about it.</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>(This Article has been appeared in "Tell-Tail" Magazine May-July 2017 issue)</b></span></span></div>
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FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-86615303181207568252017-05-08T04:48:00.002-07:002017-09-04T03:04:54.662-07:00Social Forestry<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">An ever expanding city marked with
its towering apartments, sprawling official complexes and imposing malls is
what comes to my mind when I think of Pune. Named so after the confluence of
Mula and Mutha rivers called as Punya, Pune was once referred to as
“Pensioner’s Paradise” as many government officers, civil engineers and Army
personnel preferred to settle down in Pune given to the green valleys and
hillocks of the Sahyadri range and easy laid back life style. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Today very few remnants of those
times are left in this once green city. The grey landscape of Pune is dotted
with hillocks which have escaped the ever devouring monster of ‘development’,
but not for long.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">FORREST took up the
responsibility to reforest these denuded hills by planting them with different
species of trees with the help of the residents of Pune city. Among these is
‘Kirti Garden Tekri’, named so after the soon to be built residential apartment
complex on top of this hill. FORREST decided to salvage the remaining hillock
by reforesting it. Social forestry approach is being used for this purpose so
as to develop a sense of belongingness and responsibility among the citizens of
Pune towards these hills and towards the urban forests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">
The first phase of plantation took place on the dew laden morning of 30<sup>th</sup>
July 2016 on Kirti Garden Tekri, through the enthusiastic hands of young ITians
from Talentica. A group of 40 young people showed up at Kirti Garden Tekri,
situated on Pashan-Sus road at the given time of 8 am. Their enthusiasm for
plantation reflected in their punctuality. Although many of them were not
habitual of outdoor activities, they strived to walk up the hill to the site of
plantation. Many were panting from the strenuous walk but their eyes gleamed
with wonder as they saw the green landscape. Today nothing would keep them from
contributing this small token of gratitude to Mother Nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;">The group huddled with childlike
eagerness around Neha and Nivedita as they demonstrated how the trees are to be
planted. The group was divided into ten teams of four members each. Each team
was supposed plant at least four plants in the pre dug holes. Soon the group
members formed their teams and volunteered for different tasks. A human chain
was formed to get the plants from the top of the hill to the plantation site. This
day the usually impeccably groomed ITians, did not mind their cloths getting
soiled. Laughter and mirth was written wide on each face as the heavy plants
were passed down from one pair of hands to another. With fingers which work
computer keys and palms habitual of handling the slick smooth computer mouse,
they dextrously dug the shallow holes, lined them with compost and filled them
back after gently placing the plants in the pits. Even, little Amodita who
accompanied her mother for the activity, worked her little hands and tiny feet with
the same enthusiasm as exhibited by her adult counterparts in all the
activities from planting to watering the plants. She later said, she had a lot
of fun planting trees and she would like to come and do it again.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">After the activity got over, the
group relaxed while having their breakfast at the Kirti Hill restaurant. Their
eyes gleamed with a sense of satisfaction and happiness for having given their
time and labour for something worthwhile and precious in the long run. Many
members of the group took responsibility of visiting again to take care of the
plants and water them at regular intervals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">The whole activity took place in
a span of 3 hours. Around noon the young men and women walked down the hill to
depart for their respective abodes with determination in their minds to keep
these plants alive and see them thriving and their hearts filled with a sense
of pride and oneness with the nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7541804552572378879.post-85362301000845728222017-05-08T04:06:00.000-07:002017-09-04T03:07:24.103-07:00Identification of Common Indian Raptors<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Majority
of the world’s human</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span><span class="tgc"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">population lives in
urban areas. Urban features like less natural environment, air & water
pollution, loss of wildlife habitats, habitat fragmentation has lead to
numerous negative impacts on urban biodiversity. Such urban habitat supports
limited birds and animals. Some of the common urban birds are </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">- Bulbul, Myna, Blue
rock pigeon, Oriental Magpie Robin, Crow, Green Bee-eater, Ashy prinia, Black Kite
and some less common are White-throated Kingfisher, Common Swift, Rose
ringed parakeet, Tailor bird, Shikra among others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Birds
can be studied in urban ecosystems because they are highly visible.Study on
birds ecology can also shed light on how healthy our urban ecosystem is.Birds
and animals occupy any habitat which can supply food, shelter and suitable
conditions for breeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Bird
of prey is known as Raptor. Raptors are distinguished by keen vision, powerful
talons and beaks. Keen vision help them in finding food during flight, talons
or strong feet are for holding food, and a strong curved beak for tearing flesh.
Raptors are mostly diurnal i.e active during the daytime. Some raptors are
crepuscular implies active primarily during twilight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Raptors
have a distinguished style of hunting. They use stealth and speed to sneak up
on their prey, and once in range, pursue with a great burst of speed, often
weaving deftly through tree branches and other obstacles while keeping their
eyes trained on their quarry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">There are some small
to medium sized bird of prey like Falcons and Baza. These feed upon small
mammals, insects, reptiles, small birds and carrion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;">Large bird of prey
includes Eagles, Vultures, Hawks, Osprey. Their mainly feed upon insects,
birds, reptiles, medium-sized mammals, amphibians, fish, crabs, with some on
carrion.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Let us try to identify
some of these raptors, through their distinctive features. Some of these can be
spotted in urban areas but others in urban peripheral areas with open
grasslands, cultivation and hills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">1. <b>Black kite</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><b>Local Name-Ghaar</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is world’s most
abundant bird of prey & widespread resident of India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is a medium-sized
raptor ., <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">The plumage varies
from moderate to dark brown with irregular light-brown markings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">which appears black,
from a distance. The tail is forked .The eye is dark brown and the bill is
black with a yellow cere (area of skin around the nostrils). Both sexes are
similar. Young Black Kites are generally lighter in colour than the adults, and
have a comparatively shallower forked tail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">You can easily spot
this raptor hovering in sky over river waters of Pune.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">2. <b>Black winged Kite<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><b>Local name- Kapashi</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">This is a small sized
beautiful raptor. It has strikingly white colour with black shoulder patches.
It has rather long wing span which are visible in flight.</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It has owl like forward-facing
eyes with red irises.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">This is not a
migratory bird but makes short-distance movements in response to weather.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Black winged kite can
be seen in open grasslands or grassland interspersed with agricultural fields
or scattered trees.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 133.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 159pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">3. <b>Brahminy
Kite</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><b>Local Name- Brahmini</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is a medium sized raptor.
It has distinctive colour with chestnut plumage except for the white head and
breast and black wing tips, which makes them easy to distinguish from other
birds of prey.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">They are found mainly
on the coast and in inland wetlands.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is primarily a
scavenger, feeding mainly on dead fish and crabs but occasionally hunts live
prey such as hares and bats.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">4.Shikra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Local
Name-Shikra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Shikra is small bird of prey. Adults
male have greyish upperparts and whitish underside with fine rufous bars .Adult
females have brownish upperparts
and heavier barring on the underparts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Males have a red iris
while the females have yellowish orange iris .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">The shikra is found
in a wide range of habitats including forests, farmland and urban areas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;">5.</span><b style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif;">Common Kestrel</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif;">Local Name-Kharuchi</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is a small bird of
prey. It has long wings and a distinctive long tail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Male has greyish head,chestnut
brown upperside streaked with blackish spots, pale yellow with narrow blackish
streaks on the underside and grey tail.. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Female and juvenile have rufous
crown, rufous upperparts heavily streaked with brown and black bars on rufous
tail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Female has comparatively more
black spots and streaks. The cere ( structure at the base of the bill), feet,
and a narrow ring around the eye are bright yellow. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Common kestrels have a prominent
black malar stripe,which is the markings immediately beneath the eye which
serve as important distinguishing features between species or individuals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Its habitat is cultivation,
grassland, shrubland and it readily adapts to human settlement, as long as
sufficient vegetative cover is available.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Common kestrels feed almost totally
on mouse-sized mammals & occasionally on small birds and lizards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif;">6.</span><b style="font-family: "Maiandra GD", sans-serif;">Indian Vulture</b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Local
Name-Gidhad</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">A robust and scruffy
scavenger which was very common once but now on the verge of extinction .It is
a large bird of prey.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">The feathers on the
back and upperwings are brown, fading to cream on the underside. The thighs are
feathered, matching the underside.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It has a pale yellow
bill, pale eye rings and a sturdy, black neck and head, with pale down and a
white neck-ruff.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">As a scavenger, the
Indian vulture feeds mainly on carrion from both urban and rural landscapes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It nests in small
colonies, usually on cliffs and ruins. The Indian vulture once used to inhabit
cities, towns and villages near cultivated areas, as well as open and wooded
areas .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is critically
endangered species on the verge of extinction. The cause of the rapid decline
in the population was traced to the drug diclofenac, which is lethal to
vultures when they consume the carcasses of dead animals treated with it.
Declofenac is used to increase milk production in cattle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Vultures constituted
the natural animal disposal system played an important role in public
sanitation and their disappearance has resulted in a number of problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">7. <b>Short toed snake eagle<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Local
Name- Garuda</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is a medium sized
raptor. They can be recognised in the field by their predominantly white
underside, the upper parts being greyish brown. The chin, throat and upper
breast are a pale, earthy brown. The tail has 3 or 4 bars. Additional
indications are an owl like rounded head, brightly yellow eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is generally seen
soaring over hill slopes and hilltops on wind thermals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">Its prey is mostly
reptiles, mainly snakes, but also some lizards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif";">It is found in open
cultivated plains, arid deciduous scrub areas , foothills and semi-desert
areas. It requires trees for nesting and open habitats, such as cultivation and grasslands for foraging.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Birds of prey are predators at the top of the food
chain & referred as indicator species. The </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">raptors</span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> also play an </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">important</span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">
ecological </span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">role</span><span style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as scavengers ,
control populations of rodents and other small mammals.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">They are especially vulnerable to environmental
influences, </span><span class="tgc"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pesticides, drought and habitat loss</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> and changes in their population size can give us
early warning regarding the health of the environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "maiandra gd" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>(This article has been appeared in "Tell Tail" Magazine Feb-Apr 2017 issue)</b></span></div>
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FORRESThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08775635348636281950noreply@blogger.com0